Somalia is poised to conduct its first direct national elections in over half a century, marking a significant shift from the clan-based, indirect electoral system that has been in place since 1969. This transition aims to strengthen democratic governance and enhance political stability in the country.
Transition to Universal Suffrage
In May 2023, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud announced plans to implement universal suffrage, replacing the longstanding 4.5 clan-based system. This decision followed a four-day conference in Mogadishu, where the National Consultative Council (NCC) agreed to transition to direct universal suffrage by 2024.
Scheduled Election Dates
The agreed-upon electoral timeline is as follows:
- June 2025: Local council elections.
- September 2025: Elections for federal parliament representatives, state legislators, and presidents.
Legislative Developments
In November 2024, Somalia’s bicameral parliament approved key electoral laws, including regulations governing elections, political parties, and the establishment of the country’s electoral commission. These legislative measures are crucial for facilitating the upcoming elections and ensuring a transparent electoral process.
Challenges and Opposition
The transition to direct elections has encountered challenges. Notably, Jubaland President Ahmed Mohamed Islam (Madobe) withdrew from the NCC meeting in Mogadishu, signaling dissent among some regional leaders.
Voice of America News Additionally, a constitutional crisis emerged when President Mohamud pushed for amendments aimed at expanding presidential powers, leading to tensions with regional administrations like Jubaland. This crisis underscores the complexities involved in altering Somalia’s political framework.
Significance of the 2025 Elections
The forthcoming elections are expected to usher in a new era of democracy in Somalia, empowering citizens to directly participate in the political process. This shift is anticipated to enhance accountability and reduce the influence of clan-based politics, contributing to greater national unity and development.
As Somalia approaches these landmark elections, the commitment of both federal and regional leaders to uphold democratic principles will be pivotal in ensuring a peaceful and credible electoral process.